I read one political commentary (sorry, no longer know the link or who wrote it) who separated anti-vaxxers into two broad groups.
That's probably a gross oversimplification. It's difficult to get reliable statistical information (at least here in the United States) on why some people are declining to be vaccinated, but there has been
some reliable reporting that suggests many of the holdouts are not motivated by political ideology.
Interviews this past week with dozens of people in 17 states presented a portrait of the unvaccinated in the United States, people driven by a wide mix of sometimes overlapping fears, conspiracy theories, concern about safety and generalized skepticism of powerful institutions tied to the vaccines, including the pharmaceutical industry and the federal government. . . .
Though some states like Missouri and Arkansas have significantly lagged the nation in vaccination rates, unvaccinated Americans are, to varying degrees, everywhere: In Cook County, Ill., which includes Chicago, 51 percent of residents are fully vaccinated. Los Angeles County is barely higher, at 53 percent. In Wake County, N.C., part of the liberal, high-tech Research Triangle area, the vaccination rate is 55 percent.
The New York
Times story in the link above was last updated in October, but there is at least some anecdotal evidence that the spread of the Delta variant of the coronavirus and the threat posed by the Omicron variant have motivated many of the "persuadable reluctants" to finally get at least a first dose of one of the coronavirus vaccines. And the fact that young children are now eligible for the vaccines is improving
the overall vaccination rates.
As in many other democratic countries, there are right-wing populists in the United States who claim they are refusing to be vaccinated for political reasons—their actual behavior is difficult to survey accurately and some of them may falsely be proclaiming their refusal simply to vent their anger at the "elites"—but we've always had some proportion of the population which is opposed to being vaccinated against various pathogens because of religious convictions, fear of injections, or simple ignorance. Unfortunately, because of the infectiousness of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the severity of the disease it often produces, infected "anti-vaxxers" at times have overwhelmed the hospital capacity in parts of the country—and, of course, they pose a threat to those around them.