One of the reasons that the government and hospitals weren't prepared is that this is a classic "black swan" event and you simply can't be prepared for black swans. A meteor could hit, the North Koreans could lose their shit and lob a nuke into San Francisco, it could turn out that Wells Fargo has been running a giant ponzi scheme and suddenly goes belly-up, Arab terrorists could run an airliner into the Twin Towers -- wait, that already happened -- and so on. You can't prepare because it's simply too costly to prepare. The N95 masks actually have a limited lifetime, and if you had a billion of them in storage, you'd have to throw them away every few years and get another billion, while you wait for the black swan to come in, one that might never arrive. So, when a black swan arrives, you do the best you can. One thing that could have been done, I suppose, is to have the *machinery* to make masks built and then carefully mothballed, so it could be rolled out on demand, although you'd still have to worry about where the manufacturing materials would come from. But, basically a black swan is what it is.