It seems to me that, to get h's image-as-open-window effect, what you want to do is duplicate in the image the stimuli that your eyes received at the original scene. In colorimetric terms, if the image can duplicate the same XYZ tristimulus values as the original scene, the cones in your eyes will be stimulated in exactly the same way that they were at the original scene. No need to get all spectral about it, this is basis of color matching.
So the task boils down to reproducing the XYZ tristimulus values of the scene. A standard input ICC profile provides the means of converting the camera RGB values to XYZs. A complication is that color management wants to adapt the raw XYZ numbers to simulate how the colors might appear in an environment with a specific white point, usually D50. To fool the color management system to just let the original raw XYZ values of the scene pass thru without adaptation, I think it would only be necessary to set the camera white balance to D50 (either in the camera settings for JPEG, or in the raw converter when converting raws.) You also need to avoid any other changes to white balance. (There is
info at the ICC web site about this kind of "Scene-Referred" workflow.)
At this point you should have your original scene XYZs intact. Now there is a problem: to display them on a monitor, because monitor white points are usually around D65, the scene XYZ would be shifted bluer by the monitor. So now the need is to perform a conversion to the monitor profile using Absolute Intent. This will adjust the XYZs so that the original scene XYZs are reproduced on the monitor despite its D65 white point.
If I'm not mistaken, this should give you an approximation of the original scene XYZs on a monitor. If the monitor can be taken to the original scene, the colors should appear the same as in the scene, provided the monitor is capable of achieving the same brightnesses as in the original scene. When you have the monitor out in the original scene, you will be viewing the monitor in the same viewing conditions as the scene. It is only under identical viewing conditions that matching XYZ tristimulus values will have the same color appearance.
For the window effect, you will need a monitor capable of matching the brightness of outdoor scenes - it is unlikely you will have one, but high dynamic range monitors are available for $$$. However it is generally ok to scale the XYZs to a lower relative Brightness (which is called Lightness) and still have a good appearance - after all it is usual in photography to display images at other than the original scene brightnesses.
Now as to Torger's OP, the exact matching XYZ color stimuli of a sunset will appear different when viewed under different viewing conditions. Viewing conditions being the color of the light in the viewing environment, the relative luminance of the room light compared to the display, etc. There are Color Appearance Models (such as CIECAM02) that can take the viewing conditions into account and modify the XYZs accordingly in order to have colors appear the same under different viewing conditions. Included are controls for the degree of adaptation, meaning that the models can predict that under stronger colors of light your eyes will not be fully adapted, resulting in a residual color cast in the reproduction. Color Appearance Models haven't really caught on yet in general photography, but might be something interesting to explore.
Cliff