Could you use a digital back to investigate the problem? ...or tell us where you are so that one of us could help you?
I'm located in San Diego County
You tried other lenses?
one other lens of the set of the 3 outfit lens was tried. It did not exhibit this problem.
Have you used this film holder with other lenses?
-> All of this used hardware is new to me. I had never used this film holder before; period.
Yes, it looks to me as if it could be a chemical problem.
Mould on the lens is an obvious suspect - but the brown marks seem to be orientated vertically - like smoke?
-> I don't see anything in the lens to explain this.
¿Dirt in the film holder?
-> None that I recall
The film would not seem to be the problem ... but were all the sheets of film out of the same packet, or with the same batch number, best before date etc.
-> Yes, all sheets were from the same packet. Best use date: 08/2013
They best before date is only a guide, and the storage conditions could lead to premature deterioration.
Sheet film is so rare now that they could have been the firs processed that month? ... ask them if they do a test how often?
-> FWIW, I had other 4x5 negatives developed at the same business 7-15 days earlier, without this problem.