I want to be sure that most viewers will be able to see the image on-screen in its entirety, preferably without on-the-fly resizing (which is often of poor quality). I'm more interested in feedback on composition, tone, and overall impression; and having to scroll around to view different parts of the image can get in the way of that.
Also, if you're the type who's concerned about image theft, posting very large images makes them more attractive targets. I tend to think these concerns are mostly overblow, but I also wouldn't post full-size originals.
I've been keeping my images to 800 pixels in the long dimension, partly due to limitations of PBase. Most folks who browse my images on PBase are going to get the auto-generated "large" version of an image (unless they explicitly click on the "original" link). PBase does an absolutely terrible job of resizing images, they end up looking like fuzzy mush. But if I upload my originals at 800px, the original image will be used for the "large" version. The exception to this is panos, which would only be a couple hundred pixels tall if I limited them to 800px wide.
I'd like to post images a bit larger, but will probably need to consider new hosting options first.