My question is whether any of these settings affect the raw image files or whehter they are simply ignored when shooting raw.
The Picture Style is metadata embedded in the raw image and does not affect the raw data. If you use ACR, LR, RD, CO, or any raw program other than Canon's DPP or ImageBrowser, the Picture Style metadata is ignored.
Only Canon's raw image software recognizes the Picture Style metadata of the image. When using either of these programs it can be easily changed to any style you've loaded onto your system and/or camera to achieve the "look" of the Picture Style.
A very powerful, yet kludgy program is Canon's Picture Style Editor which allows you to make your own Picture Style file. A custom Picture Style can then be uploaded to your camera and used accordingly.
Picture Styles are usually used when shooting in JPEG mode. They allow the user to precisely define how the raw data will be transformed in-camera to the JPEG format.
Very complete information and additional, free Picture Styles are
here.