I’m going take a stab at this, I’m sure I’ll be corrected if I’m wrong.
With any application, if it does not have enough ram to work with it uses the hard disk as ram in the form of page swaps.
So let’s say photoshop was working with a 40gb file and you only have 32gb in the machine, it will constantly move information back and forth between the hard disk page file and ram.
Remember that the operating system and any other apps are also using ram, and they might also be doing pages swaps in the background, making it seem like your computer has crashed.
The best way to observe this is to open activity monitor and the photoshop file and look at the memory usage.
Back in the good ole days, this was just something we had to live with and wait till photoshop did it’s thing, usually without any notification that it was still working.
Hope this helps.