Yes, it's important to adjust one's normal method of operations and consider the larger size of the details, but maybe not blurred as much as the upscaling percentage.
I always recommend to not just pixel-peep the upsampled data 1:1, because some of that data will be printed smaller than our visual acuity can resolve. So for a soft-proof, one needs to zoom out to (display_PPI / output_PPI) * 100% = zoom percentage to produce the actual printed output dimensions on our display of the detail that gets visually blended to the resolution limits of our eyes at that brightness level.
And even then, display pixels are often rather large compared to print resolution, so the print may even look better at close viewing distances.
Wouldn't it be better to use a higher resolution monitor? The viewable portion of my 4K 14" laptop screen measures 12 inches horizontally. 3840/12 == 320 PPI. And not quite 7 inches vertically. So if I upsize an image to be printed at 300 PPI, when I view at 100% I am seeing the image almost at the size it will be printed at. I have a 12x7 viewport to scroll around the image.
4K is only eight megapixels. It would be better yet to use a
32 megapixel 8K monitor. Yes it is more expensive than two megapixel 1920x1080 monitors, but the cost is commensurate with high end camera and printing equipment. (The cost of my 4K laptop + beefed up desktop machine to run AIG is commensurate with the cost of my own photo equipment.)
Remember the investment Ansel Adams made in his darkroom to
to enlarge 8x10 negatives (the enlarger head (made from an 11x14 camera) was mounted on small gauge railroad tracks anchored to a concrete floor.) We get off easy with digital darkrooms.
I strongly agree with what you are saying about proofing high megapixel images. The monitors on my desktop machine are about 100 PPI and most AIG "plausible" detail looks horrible at 100%. But most of the images look just fine when viewed at 100% on my 320 PPI laptop screen. Except for 2003 era four megapixel images upsized to 96 megapixels. They don't quite make the grade.