In my world, the digital printing world, linearization and calibration are two different things, were a linearization is something we do every week, but a calibration is to some people linearization, and for some, like me, calibration means profiling in combination with a fresh linearization is done only once per paper.
Linearize is measuring 21 patches of cyan, 21 patches of magenta, 21 yellow and 21 black. This is to see the max and miniumun density, creating a linear curve from zero, to the densest possible patch within each color. This is later put into our Rips, and it calculates how to produce an even as possible output. Meaning CMY' "gray" to be as neutral as possible, and also as consistent from dark to light.
However, linearization does not care about what shade our Cyan is, or any other color for that matter. This is where profiling comes in. After a linearization, we profile the paper, as you do with a "Normal" inkjet printer as well. Here, the shade of cyan, magenta and greens and all the other colors producable count! Cyan in photoshop, fogra 39 colorspace, is not the same shade as our Cyan, and if you would to keep pure primarys in your output, it would differ from what you see on your screen. An often made complaint from old Offset printers is that there is magenta in their "pure" cyan, even though they "calibrated" (meaning linearizing). But when I explain that cyan from our printer does not have the same shade as our competitors or their old ink.