Affinity Photo (Mac only) and Photoline (Mac and PC) both open PSB files - at least in the 10 second test I just did. I opened a 5DIII raw file in PS and duplicated the background layer around 10 times and saved it as PSB (~1.8 GB file, 16bit).
Affinity Photo and Photoline both will also attempt to translate any Photoshop adjustment layers in the PSB file into the analogous adjustment layers in their particular image processing scheme (curves, levels, etc.).
In the more current versions of PS, there is a Preference in the "File Handling" section that permits the user to disable PSD and PSB compression - this makes for larger file sizes but significantly faster loads and saves when working with large files. Adobe made a plug-in for disabling PSB compression (around CS5):
https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/kb/save-psd-psb-images-compression.htmlMaybe this might also be useful for your workflow.
kirk