Depends what you want to photograph - landscape, streets, city parks, Schönbrunn Palace, small villages.
Vienna Woods is a large nature park with many trails and and the Kahlenberg mountain with a look-out. At the edge of the park is a small and picturesque spa town Baden bei Wien, accessible by a 40 min. bus ride from Vienna.
If you run out of sights in Vienna, you can take an inexpensive bus to downtown Bratislava in neighbouring Slovakia (8 Euro, 1hr,25min) which offers plenty of photo opportunities (old and new architecture, two castles, Danube riverside, ...) and you can be back in Vienna in the evening.