Hi,
That would be different CFA designs. Tim Parkin (publisher of the english publication On Landscape) started looking at this in this article:
https://www.onlandscape.co.uk/2012/02/the-myth-of-universal-colour/Here he notes that the SMI rating by DxO mark correlates well with his findings of his and friends cameras. This comparison, made a couple of years ago, include Sony Alpha 900, Nikon D3X, Canon 5D , Canon 5DII and the Phase One P45+.
Sony Alpha 900: 87
Canon 5D: 84
Canon 5DII: 80
Nikon D3X: 79
Phase One p65+:76
Phase One P45+:72
The D800E was not available at that time but the SMI is given to 77.
I am sceptical to the SMI value, but Tim says it corresponds well to his experience. The problem I see with SMI is that it is a simple measurement of colour accuracy for a given source of light. DxO doesn't use these values in their DxO mark.
DxO also measures color sensivity, the number of colours the sensor can separate, the enclosed screen dumps illustrate this. The top one shows color sensivity at actual pixels view (ignoring the size of the sensor) the one at the bottom corresponds to a standard size print.
All this is not very conclusive, and I would guess that the quality of the camera profiles may be more important than sensor characteristics. I guess that the DxO data tells a lot about what data is given to those profiles, but little about what is coming out of those profiles.
Best regards
Erik
There are many scientist types here who would gladly explain the how part.
I can only speak from experience.