Why would a company develop a drug the next time there's a virus if the government gives away their ownership? Who reimburses the company for the loss of sales? Why shouldn't India pay for it?
I was just listening to Richard Epstein on this, and there are so many negatives on why you should not do it, it is hard to list them all. First, the companies would almost certainly fight it in court, so it will get mired down there. Second, other countries are going to oppose it, so you will get mired down in the WTO and other international agencies with endless debates. Third, the manufacturing will need to be created in many of these places first before you can manufacture the vaccines, which will take time. Fourth, more then likely the reason for poor rates of vaccination in these countries is due to ineffective distribution in these countries, not limits to supply, so releasing these patents may not even have the desired results.
It would be much easier and faster to renegotiate the federal contracts with these companies for more doses at a lower cost, and provide them, along with distribution help, as aid instead.
But assuming this did happen, there is another negative to add that no one is really thinking about, who is held liable for a bad vaccine produced by a not so great lab? Lets say you give up the IP and a shitty lab in one of these countries makes a vaccine that ends up having cryonic side effects, who pays? That lab? The US government? The company that originally created the vaccine? All of them? This is a situation litigation lawyers are looking at and licking their teeth over.
All you need is one creative litigator who comes up with some crazy argument to somehow insist both the USA, who released the IP, and the pharma company who originally produced the vaccine (for not properly giving instructions on the production even if what they happened to leave out was mundane and already common practice) are liable for one serious shit storm to start. And as soon as the first creative guy gets his argument to win, all of the copycats will come out of the woodwork.