Yes, you are correct - the synchronization is launched only at specific points in time, as you configure in the Task Scheduler. Unfortunately, FreeFileSync does not have real-time monitoring & sync (nothing like GoogleDrive/Dropbox etc.).
Real-time sync could be achievable with some other tool that monitors files and launches the same FreeFileSync command to sync all files, but it would be an ugly workaround and might cause unnecessary disk usage because FreeFileSync always scans all the folders to detect changes, not knowing about specific changed files.
An alternative solution would be to have a small NAS system with OwnCloud (the free on-premises Community edition). It has a convenient real-time monitoring client that works similar to other cloud solutions; also for Android and iOS to back up your phones, if needed.