Colorimetry and the dE testing and the current profile technology is based on color perception. It is not about color appearance.
Perhaps the best demonstration of this can be done in a typical home environment with regular, not proofing, (2700K-4000K) lighting if one has a colorimeter or spectrophotometer that can read out CIE XYZ values.
Place a piece of matte paper on your desk. Measure the XYZ of reflected light off the paper being careful to avoid shadowing the room light so the paper is illuminated evenly.
Now create a large size white area roughly the size of the sheet of paper in Photoshop. Then use Curves and adjust the RG and B until the image measures the same XYZ values you got from measuring the paper on your desk. Go by the numbers, don't even look at the image. This takes a bit of time because XYZ are each effected by each of the R, G and B levels. But after you have made the image color XYZ match the paper readings now look at the paper on the desk then your screen.
They won't even be close. The image on the display will look a dingy, darkish yellow in comparison to the paper on your desk. Colorimetrically, they are the same. That's the Perception part. The difference in how they appear is the Appearance part. The difference is partly context, the different surround, and partly cognitive. That is simply knowing that the white paper is white.
If the room is evenly lit and you can pick the paper up and bring it near the image on the display. when you get within a few inches or so the paper and monitor will, almost magically, shift and suddenly match quite closely.
The effect is so strong it is absolutely mind boggling.