Are you on Windows or OSX - I'm wondering whether the problem is OS-specific.
This happens on a Windows 10 PC (x64, build 1709). The catalogue is on a dedicated internal SSD drive, so there is nothing too exotic about my setup. The catalogue is about 200 MB large and contains less than 30K photos.
In order to assess the health of the catalogue backup outside of Lightroom, I used a generic SQLite utility to perform an integrity check as explained
here. (I know the page is for a different product, but this check should work for any SQLite database, including a Lightroom catalogue.)
Any entry other than "OK" as a result of the test indicates inconsistencies which might (or not) be fixed by a repair tool. In my case, some entries were related to invalid page numbers and a malformed database disk image.
Cheers,
Fabien