Hi,
The message you are receiving does not mean that there is an issue with the catalog. It looks like LR is lacking permission to write in the folder.
When LR opens, it creates two additional files <catalog>.lrcat.lock and <catalog>.lrcat-journal even if you don't perform any edit.
Try moving or copying your catalog to a different location, maybe to the folder where you have the backup (since you know it works there)