Hi Theodoros,
This may be a refresher: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist–Shannon_sampling_theorem
Best regards
Erik
Actually it by no means is... what should be refreshing for you, is the fact that you was first taught in school... which is that "
Theory is Physics and engineering is ...(well) engineering..." In other words physics presumes that there is ideal behavior of the rest of the parameters involved, while in engineering, you have to take into account (after testing) the magnitude of non ideal behavior of the peripherals...
What all the above (proven and confirmed from engineers) means as far as sensors are concerned, is that no photon rays enter all pixels directly or in the same way as another pixel and there is no "Nyquist" limit that takes into account artifacts produced by interpolation or the presence of Bayer pattern or of micro lenses... If you know such a theory, you may as well present it to the sensor makers as to suggest to them the size of the pixels they should design for their sensors...
Providing a "link" of "links" that says nothing, doesn't make theory that presumes an ideal operation of the peripherals applicable to an enviroment full of "error creators" that are not taken into account...