I know only how Canon cameras handle this.
Earlier there was no data about the focusing distance. Now the 1DMkIII, 40D and 1DsMkIII record the distance with most lenses. However, they don't record it in Exif but in the camera specific data (MakerNote), the structure of which is undisclosed, though some people reverse engineer most of it.
Canon's DPP displays the distance, but only on a slider, not numerically; it is part of the lens aberration correction process.
I guess the Exif viewer programs will soon display this data.