. . . nowadays the language of art has changed so we need it explain[ed].
So the Mona Lisa needs explaining?
I think that if you're talking about language -- poetry in particular -- you're right. Almost twenty years ago I wrote an essay on Archibald MacLeish's
Poetry and Experience. (
http://www.russ-lewis.com/essays/acrisisofsoul.html):
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T.S. Eliot pointed out in “Four Quartets” that: “. . . Words strain, / Crack and sometimes break, under the burden, / Under the tension, slip, slide, perish, / Decay with imprecision, will not stay in place, / Will not stay still. . .”
And of course words don’t stay still. Consider this poem from the thirteenth century, set down in The Norton Anthology of Poetry
Nou goth sonne under wode—
Me reweth, Marie, thi faire rode.
Nou goth sonne under tre—
Me reweth, Marie, thi sone and the.
Translation:
Now goes the sun under the wood—
I pity, Mary, thy fair face.
Now goes the sun under the tree—
I pity, Mary, thy son and thee.
The problem isn’t just with the denotations of words. The milieu in which the words mean changes and the words’ connotations change along with it. When this poem was written wood and tree not only had their modern meanings but also meant the cross."
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But I don't think the same thing applies to visual art. Ansel's Half Dome was exactly the same a thousand years ago, and Mona Lisa is still Mona Lisa.
Same goes when looking at paintings from say China, some context helps you to understand and maybe appreciate the work better.
It's certainly true that your background and culture have powerful significance for how you react to a work of art. In the case of Asia, I know from my own three years there that just becoming familiar with that world helps you to understand what's happening in Asian art. Nevertheless, I think you have to be born and brought up there to really grasp its significance.
I then went back and looked at the images afresh with the captions in mind and it made me smile and like the exhibition more.
That was a case of "understanding" the photographs. But that's not the same thing as the reaction you have to a work of art that grabs your heart and shakes it.