So, AdoramaPix has a currently-running contest which specifies as one of the submission rules:
Every entrant must submit one image – jpeg 300 dpi
Luckily, they have a comment section, so I said:
I can not believe that professional photo sites still resort to such an incredibly lame, totally useless and meaningless description of file size as "300 dpi" !? It means nothing, people! Besides, the "d" in "dpi" refers to "dots," as in "dots per inch" and is related only to printers, describing how many dots the printer head will spurt per inch, i.e., it does not describe the file size. If you insist on using it, then it should be "300 ppi" or "pixels per inch." But even that does not say anything about file size, as you have to add how many inches there will be (remember the "per inch" part?). So, you can say, for example, 300 ppi for an 8" x 10" printout. Which then translates to 2400 x 3000 pixels file, the only way to meaningfully express file size. In other words, why not just simply say what is the minimum acceptable file size in pixels to begin with?
They answered (emphasis mine):
We are not concerned about the file size, that is why it is not stated. If it were an issue we would have stated it. We just ask that it be 300 dpi for printing purposes- since top 12 will be printed. Only the top 12 need to be concerned about size. If it's too small we'll ask for a larger size.
Then one guy joined the debate (emphasis mine):
Yes but at this point we all know that "300 dpi" is just another way of saying "high res image" - otherwise we are just being pedantic
And the AdoramaPix staff concluded:
We have a lot of people ---hobbyists to professionals entering contest. If we were to be more specific with size, we would get a lot more questions on how to size the images properly to meet the requirements. So that is why we keep it more general and only ask that for our printing purposes (top 12) the image be at 300 dpi. If they are not, we will ask them to submit a larger file.
So, there you go. We've been just ignorant of what "everybody else knows" already. Or pedantic