Thank you all for the replies.
While I don't currently have my display calibrated (I need to buy a calibrator!), I do have the brightness on my HP L2335 set to 68, so I don't think having the screen too bright and washed out is the problem (although I would definitely still benefit from calibrating the display). Whilst I may no longer have the most cutting edge display, this was a pretty respectable panel in its day, and I'm hoping to get a little more use out of it before upgrading to the Dell U2711 that I have my eye on.
Out of curiousity, for those who don't seem to have problems - are you viewing the selections in the grid view of the Library module or in the filmstrip at the bottom of the screen? I personally find the issue to be less pronounced in grid view, especially when I increase the thumbnail size; however, as I can often have 25-30 images visible within the filmstrip view whilst in the Develop module, that is when I tend to have the greatest number of problems, and also when the consequences of making a mistake are a little bit graver.
It's not that the most selected image is impossible to distinguish from the other images, it's just that it requires me to spend more time than I would like visually scanning the film strip and double-checking that the most selected image is the one that I actually think that it is. Something as simple as just being able to put a yellow border around the most selected image would go a long way toward making it instantly identifiable IMHO.
Maybe the problem would indeed diminish with a calibrated and/or more modern display, but in my current working environment, I really feel that the ability to make the most selected image more quickly and easily distinguishable from the rest of the selection would be a very welcome addition to the software.