What's the difference between a blog and a website?
That's the wrong question and the wrong comparison. It's like asking what's the difference between a convertable and a vehicle? All blogs are websites, but not all websites are blogs.
Not really thought about it that much before but the most obvious feature to me is that Blog software is designed around a quick and easy publishing model first and foremost. It is designed to allow non technical authors the ability to very quickly compose and post their thoughts and for readers to comment directly. It is social media, it is immediate, it is iteractive. In order to make that possible, a blog (typically) is based around a simple content management system. It usually has a basic visual design built from generic templates rather the customised design of websites. It normally has a standardised navigation structure based on a chronological list of postings. It doesn't normally have a complex information architecture with layered menu structures like a website; it relies on keyword metadata to allow topic searches. Navigation is generally linear and date based. Exploring a blog is a bit of a linear process and finding a half remembered article can be pretty difficult given the data based approach. Most blogs look pretty much the same and come with the same tools and features.
Websites, on the other hand are more like cross-referenced books and exploit the power of hyperlinks to the full. They are often designed to look good, and allow flexible custom visual design. Content is normally organised in a deliberate topic based tree structure and each site's information architecture is unique and custom designed for the audience. With the exception of a what's new page, is not normally date ordered, rather it is topic based. The information flow goes from the author to the reader, not the other way around. It is not social media. Social media capability is usually done through auxiliary parts of the site like this forum.
You seem to be defining a blog in two ways, first by the structure of the navigation and organization of the content. However, something like Wordpress, normally considered to be the definitive "blog" CMS, can present content in either of the two broad methods you mentioned. There's no reason content has to be presented in a chronological list. Articles are easily organized by category and presented in a tree structure if that's what you want to do. The content organization seen on this website would be easily accomplished.
Furthermore, while WordPress is certainly accessible to those with lesser technical skills, it is by no means a "simple" CMS. It's actually quite powerful and infinity flexible, with the ability to use plug-ins that can do pretty much anything you can do on any other system or with custom code.
There's nothing that you attribute to a "website" that couldn't be done with a "blog" setup. The reason most blog sites look pretty much the same is because they tend to use similar templates, and because they're setup and operated by people with limited technical means to customize things. However, for someone with moderate programming skills, a CMS like Wordpress is extremely customizable. This site could EASILY be done with Wordpress.
Your second criteria seems to be defining a blog as "social media", but that label is usually applied to situations where the content is generated primarily, if not
completely, by the users. Facebook and Twitter are prime examples of such, but a blog, on the other hand, where the content is generated by a particular individual or small group of persons, generally does NOT meet those criteria. Some blogs may be more social than others, with regards to how much feedback may be generated by the readers, but many blogs have neither comments or discussion forums, nor any other method for readers to participate other than by reading.
For me, the definition of a "blog" is a site, or section thereof, that features as its
primary content articles, reviews, or editorial commentary by a particular person or small group of people, and where new content is added on a reasonably regular basis.
Luminous Landscape fits that description.
Subject matter is not a factor: the site could be about Star Trek, political topics, medicine, or the author's cats. How the site looks is not really a primary factor either. Navigation is not a factor: the site can be organized, disorganized, or whatever in between. The ability of readers to comment or discuss is not a factor. How the articles are presented is not really a factor either, although the most recent entries are usually given prominance.
If you take a careful look at this site, you see that everything falls into three categories, which ultimately correspond to three different content management systems which have been used side by side.
- The forums are handled by the popular Simple Machines Forum software used by many sites. Note that the forum pages all feature a single link at the top to take you to the site's home page. Otherwise they're completely separate.
- The store is handled by the Zencart eCommerce software. This software doesn't always nicely co-exist with other stuff on the same server, so they've gotten around that problem by creating a subdomain for the store: store.luminous-landscape.com. Again, the store pages feature a single link at the top to take you back to the site's home page, and otherwise they're completely separate.
- The actual content pages all follow the same basic template, and they're organized by categories like "essays" or "reviews". It certainly looks like it's being managed by some sort of CMS. I don't know which one, and it could just easily be something custom as not, but I could see doing it with Wordpress easily enough.
Ultimately, it doesn't really matter if one likes applying the label of "blog" to any particular website, including this one. What
does matter is if that website is doing the best job it can at presenting its content to its readers and facilitating whatever degree of reader interaction is desired. Personally I think that while this site does a great job overall, there's still a little room for improvement on the interaction side of things.