A few things ...
First, lateral CA can vary from lens unit to lens unit (for a given lens model), though for lenses that exhibit a lot of CA, the lens-to-lens variation is typically small relative to the overall CA inherent to the lens design. There can also be small variations due to sensor & lighting variations (effectively spectral response of sensor and spectrum of lighting play a secondary role). These are all reasons why manual adjustment controls are provided. For example, in Camera Raw 6.1 there are the "Correction Amount" sliders which are effectively volume controls. If you find that a profile for a lens slightly undercorrects with your camera, you can dial it up (and save the result as a custom default, if you wish). A bit like having a basic "lens profile editor" built into the app.
Second, as noted in Tom Hogarty's comments: you do not need perfect flat (or even close to flat) lighting for the vignette estimation. What you need is consistent lighting from shot to shot, within an image set. That is, don't use a flashlight to illuminate the left side of the chart for the first shot, then the right side for the second shot! As long as the lighting is pretty consistent from shot to shot, the Adobe Lens Profile Creator ALPC can factor out nonuniformities in lighting across the chart. (Hint: The technology is related to, but not the same as, the automatic vignette correction used in Photoshop's pano stitching -- i.e., Photomerge.)
Remember that you are supplying multiple images (at least 3, preferably 5 to 9) within a set to ALPC. It is true that if you were trying to estimate vignette falloff from a single image (e.g., by taking an image of a plain surface), then yes you'd want that surface/field to be uniformly illuminated. But that's not the case here, so those assumptions / requirements / prerequisites do not apply.