I've seen fancy artefacts in Capture One due to corrupt monitor profile (actually only the naming convention was a problem) and on Windows after the installation of AdobeCMM.
I've not seen artefacts like yours (but similar) but maybe you could check the monitor profile (just as a test set sRGB or AppleRGB as monitor profile and see if it works).
You can also try to set the destination profile as proof profile... just to check if there is something wrong with the CM.