I say the Poudre is a nice spot, and you can map out those lakes and hit them between work. Don't tell anyone else!
The Poudre Canyon is indeed quite nice, but to make it up to Cameron Pass is a minimum 2 hour drive from Fort Collins. The windy road is slow going when you get stuck behind a 40-ft camper. If you're up for the drive, go for it.
What are you interested in shooting? Traditional Colorado landscape mountain stuff? You could head to Rocky Mountain National Park, through Estes Park. Estes is about 45 minutes from Fort Collins. It's a cute little tourist town with great views of the mountains. Personally? I would skip RMNP. It is pretty, if you take the full drive through the park, but that a full-day excursion, and it's usually riddled with 20 million tourists.
I live up in Wellington, CO, about 15 minutes north of Fort Collins. I like to roam the dirt roads to the North East (Pawnee National Grasslands area) and photograph ranch/farm/rural stuff. Be warned that it's mostly flat, prairie life out there.
You could go up to the Snowy Range/Medicine Bow in Wyoming. It's about a 1.5 hours from Fort Collins. It's usually much much less crowded than RMNP and the Poudre Canyon. But you still get into the mountains and are rewarded with some great views (Mirror Lake) and abundant hiking opps. Veduawoo in Wyoming is a favorite place of mine also. Very pretty, good hiking, good spot for a picnic, about 45 minutes from Fort Collins. Soapstone and Red Mountain Open Space are pretty if you're up for a solid 10-mile hike to the vantage points (I mountain bike these trails); both are about 40 minutes north of FC. You could head to Lyons, CO, hit the Oskar Blues Brewery and head up into the mountains via the St. Vrain Highway. The road is usually pretty quiet, and you take on pretty good altitude (up to around 10,000 ft). There are numerous hiking trails (Sourdough Trail, Lefthand Reservoir, Brainard Lake) and dirt roads to explore if you're up for it. You could loop from Lyons through to Nederland and into Boulder and back to Fort Collins.
Just some thoughts. Send me a note if you want some more specific info.
-J