Sure enough, that's the answer...thanks!!!. The feature (if you can call it that) is indeed called "shutter lock" and it can be turned off in the Number 3 custom-setup menu interface in the Maxxum 7D firmware. I have verified with my own Maxxum 7D that this fix works and it IS possible to shoot with a T-mount adapter on the body through a telescope or microscope. So the firmware designers at Minolta knew what they were doing after all...at least, they gave photographers a way to disable the shutter lock.
I thought I had reviewed the manual thoroughly. But I missed that key paragraph on page 97. (If I'd had a PDF version, I could have searched the text under "telescope" or "microscope" and I would have found it.) Anyway, thanks again for the tip.