Decades ago I would sometimes enlarge transparencies on Polaroid 8x10 film. Made a crude wood thing to support the Polaroid back underneath the enlarger. Can you still get 8x10 Polaroid? Dunno. I seem to recall this was not a cheap way to go.
You can also enlarge directly on SX-70 film in the same way. Take the cartridge out of the camera, put it in a holder, make the exposure, pop the cartridge back in the camera and it will automatically eject the print.
I hear those newfangled inkjet printers are pretty decent too.