At one time it used puzzle me greatly why Print Size zoom and actual print size didn't tally on screen - until I realized that I had made the common error of forgetting to enter my 'true' screen resolution in the Units and Rulers tab of Photoshop preferences. At the time it was set up automatically at 72 instead of the correct 92 of my monitor resolution. Once I made the correction sizes of print and grid lines etc all became exactly correct when using Print Size zoom.
However, I still find that precisely evaluating sharpening is best done by making a small test print of some relevant detail.