As a rule of thumb I would suggest a distance of between 1-2 metres, and that really is a guess as there is no real way to determine how the two items will interact electromagnetically except by trial and error. Your greatest issue will be vibration as a result of sound waves from the speakers causing small vibrations in the printer sufficient to impact on dot placement accuracy. As the print head will have resonant frequencies it wouldn't necessarily require loud music to affect the print quality.
As you say, you may need to forego music whilst you print. However, trial and error will be the only way to find out.
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Don't despair, no need to abandon your music...
It's a situation that has been dealt with successfully 'since the dawn of time' in recording studios, testing and production facilities, et.al. re: vibration from speakers - need to simply look at decoupling the speakers from their supporting surfaces. In the 1940's - fighter plane manufacturers used thick rigid foam inserts to mount their engines on for testing. Recording studios have a large range of materials (see 'Sorbothane' /Acoustical Solutions, et.al. for vibration isolation pads). Other manufacturers have even designed structural isolation pads for decoupling entire recording rooms / concert areas from the remainder of the structure - with great success. Unless you have mega-ported speakers, pointed directly at the printer (10 ' away) - chances are you'll bleed at the ears before affecting the printer).
re: vibration from printer affecting other equipment (and itself) - see 'vibration isolation pads' (some even wonder if mounting a large printer on isolation pads reduces the intensity of the 'shock' when the print head reaches the end of it's traverse, and reverses direction - reducing wear /tear /calibration problems).
re: interference - again, the recording industry suppliers have a number of possible solutions, if you find them necessary (but at 10' I doubt you will) to create a 'shielding' for any kind of speaker you might have.
Just out of curiosity - what are we talking about here - book shelf speakers with 25 watts /channel or Fiat-sized concert monitors run by Crown-like pro-amps > 1,000 watts/channel?
AC/DC or Bach?
And of course - the ultimate determinant ....
does playing LOUD music impact the quality of your prints?
If so - and normal isolation pads don't work - buy an air table for the printer (if they can support an electron microscope - a printer should be no problem).
titus bear (who at an 'advanced' age IS having problems determining if it's AC/DC or a chain saw I'm listening to...)