David Coffin has gently given an explanation to me for this "behaviour": samples going beyond 4095 come from 8-bit decompressed RAW data. They can go beyond 4095, but they will never produce more than 4095 different non-null values.
"Hi Guillermo, Now I see what's happening. It's in the sony_arw2_load_raw()function. The Sony DSLR-A700 supports two formats: packed with 12 bits per pixel, and compressed with 8 bits per pixel (a fixedcompression ratio achieved by sacrificing quality as needed). Decompressing the 8-bit data yields values from 0 to 8191. To maintain compatibility with the 12-bit packed mode, I doubled the latter. This allows the user to specify the same darkness and saturation values for both data formats." David Coffin explained.