Hi,
If AF does not work it would also indicate that focus confirmation does not work as they use the same PDAF mechanism.
What will always work is manual focusing on the focusing screen or magnified live view on the back. Accurate focusing in the viewfinder may not be easy.
It may be possible that you can get better results with the 300 without the extender and cropping, that will still give you 35 MP. I would suggest you can do a few tests in your backyard.
How to evaluate? I would decide on a print size, say 30"x40". So, I would shoot something with both the 300 and using the 300 with 1.7X extender. Crop the image and resize to 30"x40" at 180 PPI in Photoshop, view both at actual pixels side by side and find out what works best for you.
Best regards
Erik