Here are some thoughts, from my use over the years.
Phase:
28mm, you have 3 options I am aware of Cokin, Lee, and Nisi. Lee and Nisi take the 150 x 150 2mm thick, Cokin is narrower. The Lee holder for the 28mm is metal plastic with the new light shield very good. The Nisi is all metal a bit heavier, by default holds 3 filters, and can fit a few others lenses, non Phase One. I have the Nisi and so far no problems.
You have Phase 35mm, not sure if you are looking at the 35LS or 35mmD, The 35mm D is 77mm threaded, and you might want to just use standard filters. If the 35LS, it's 105mm as is the 40-80mm. Both of these lenses, can take 105mm circular filters thin or you can use the Lee system with their new 105mm wide angle ring. These rings are huge and heavy but are not going to hurt either the 35LS or 40-80mm. Both will need to have the hood removed when using the Lee. The new Lee 105mm wide ring will screw over the front and cover a bit of the lens, but with the 35mm LS, it's no problem and should be fine on the 40-80.
Phase 75-150, non LS is 77mm, again I would just use standard filters. The 75-150LS, is a bigger lens and appears to have a larger filter thread, I have not used that lens, so can't help much there.
Nikon 14-24, I would go with the Lee SW-150, with the mount for the 14-24. The Lee mount can stay on the lens all the time (I leave mine on) and you get a neoprene cap hold the lens cap on.
Nikon 24-70 is 77mm again standard filters to me are the best. Nikon 20mm 1.4 I have no experience with, only the 20mm 1.8. But if the 20mm is threaded I still would go that way.
Filters:
Lee, currently their large 150 x 150 grads are resin, I would stay away from these, they will warp over time and look at the lenses you would be using. Lee does make a 105mm thin CL-PL which you might want to consider. The Lee CL-PL is warm so not cool.
Format Hitech Firecrest, excellent. I have a couple of the firecrest in 150 x 150 and they are wonderful filters. Expensive, but well worth it. You can also wait for a while and order these same filters in 105mm. Hitech will eventually get them made, and they are also very good. Thin can be stacked and same IR blocking glass.
Nisi, they are the new guys and I have a couple of their 150 x 150, and both seem good. They also have a CL-PL in the 150 x 150 and it excellent. The Nisi filters are less than Lee or Hitech and I can't see any difference in the results. Nisi CL-PL is cool.
Here is a video I did last year showing some of this gear, mainly the Nisi.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yfFfNhsr5cIf you are in the US, give 2filter.com a call.
Paul C