AdobeRGB and sRGB are "color spaces". A color space defines which colors are assigned to which RGB code values. The RGB are coordinates, but you need the map, and each one is different. same coordinates are different points in different maps.
Although the normal is that 255,255,255 is white, you could potentially design a color space where that is black, pink or you favorite red.
So, a RGB value is not an color until it is assigned to an exact one by the color space. It could be better called XYZ, or L.a.b.
A color profile is almost the same, but in this case is dictated by the limitations of a certain device. when exporting an image from one device (e.g. your computer) to another (e.g monitor or printer), you need a "translator" (color motor). It sends that color you want as a code/coordinates that will give THAT color in the device (or nearest possible, if there is a limitation). The same code give to another device will give a (slightly?) different color.
Color management are the tools that make possible that all devices are properly understood and can talk to each other correctly (through those "translators").
Santiago
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