If one doesn't want to click on the link, I'll repeat here the most pertinent parts:
According to Dictionary.com, there are at least 14 different meanings, plus two idioms for the term "abstract."
Meaning #1 seems to be the closest to the one you and some others have in mind:
1. thought of apart from concrete realities, specific objects
The one Stamper might had in mind, however, is this one (note the reference to fine arts - emphasis mine):
5. Fine Arts.
of or relating to the formal aspect of art, emphasizing lines, colors, generalized or geometrical forms, etc., especially with reference to their relationship to one another.
Some other meanings are directly opposed to the notion that it "should be impossible, or at the very least difficult, to identify the subject matter." For instance, "abstract" also means (emphasis mine):
6. a summary of a text, scientific article, document, speech, etc.; epitome.
7. something that concentrates in itself the essential qualities of anything more extensive or more general, or of several things; essence.
In other words, the OP image would nicely fit meanings #5 and #7 of the term "abstract."