Just narrowing it down, step by step: when you export to jpeg and then re-import the jpegs, does the original DNG and the re-imported jpegs look the same in Lightroom (on a monitor)?
On screen the differences don't jump out at me, but looking at the area that does when comparing prints, the RGB% values under the mouse pointer in the Develop module are
dng 25 44.5 64.6
jpg 38 45.5 64.5
so by far the biggest difference is in the R component. The others could easily be due to natural variation, not comparing the exact same pixel.
I've now had a chance to look at quite a few prints made recently using the same workflow (plus a little PS work on the jpgs), and only this one image is affected.
Later: thought I had a way around this but it appears not. Up to now I've been exporting to jpg, editing in PS, importing the result to LR and printing. I just tried the Edit In route, whereby PS produces a tiff that's automatically imported to LR, and I'm seeing the exact same problem!
(All I'm doing in PS is using Image Size to change the aspect ratio slightly. And it happens also when PS is not in the loop.)